Describe the Type of Memory Loss - 794 Words

1.2 Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia. Memory problems are usually the most obvious symptom in people with dementia. For example, a person with early stages of dementia might go to the shops and then cannot remember what they wanted. It is also common to misplace objects. As dementia progresses, sometimes memory loss for recent events is severe and the person may appear to be living in the past. They may think of themselves as young and not recognise their true age. At first, someone with dementia may appear to be easily irritated or moody. More challenging behaviour may develop in some people over time. For example, in some cases, a person with dementia may become quite†¦show more content†¦Some of the most common symptoms include a of loss inhibition (saying or doing things which are socially inappropriate), reduced empathy (problems understanding and responding to the needs of others), problems with planning and organising activities, increased distractibility, changes in food preference (a propensity to eat large quantities of sweet food) and a tendency to develop compulsive rituals (e.g. watching the same movie repeatedly). (2) Progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) is characterised by problems with speech production. Individuals may struggle to find the correct words when engaging in conversation. Often individuals will struggle to pronounce words correctly (especially if they have more than two syllables), and their speech will lack appropriate grammar. Problems understanding speech can also be present, especially if the sentence contains complex grammar. (3) Semantic dementia is characterised by a selective deficit of semantic memory, which is our memory store for factual information about the world around us – e.g., the knowledge that apples are fruit is a semantic memory. Individuals affected by this condition have difficulty understanding the meaning of written and spoken language, pictures and objects. In some cases of semantic dementia a mild form of the behaviouralShow MoreRelatedDementia Awareness1508 Words   |  7 PagesHomecare 2015 Unit 13 Dementia Awareness 1. Understand what dementia is 1.1 Explain what mean by the term dementia The word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. Dementia is caused when the brain is damaged by diseases, such as Alzheimer s disease or a series of strokes. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are - affected by dementia The main areas of the brain that are affected by dementia in termsRead Moredescribe a range of course of dementia syndrome1348 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ DESCRIBE A RANGE OF COURSE OF DEMENTIA SYNDROME. The number of different types of dementia is; Benson’s syndrome (also called Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA)) Alzheimer’s disease Primary Progressive Aphasia (A type of Fronto-temporal dementia) Lewy body Disease (Also known as Dementia with Lewy bodies) Picks disease (A type of Fronto-temporal dementia) Binswangers Disease. ( A type of vascular dementia) Niemann-Pick disease type C Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease HIV BrainRead MoreDementia: Cerebrum and High Blood Pressure953 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. These include impairment of memory, thinking and orientation, learning ability, language and judgement. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital, cerebrum lobe and the hippocampus. Temporal lobe- responsible for vision,memory, language, hearing and learning Frontal lobe- responsible for decision makingRead MoreAlzheimer : A Disease Of The Brain And It Can Cause Dementia1124 Words   |  5 Pageswith the memory, thinking and behavior. Alzheimer is one of the leading causes of dementia. Alzheimer represent the 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Dementia is a term use to describe a group of symptoms called â€Å"senility†. Early symptoms of dementia include loss of memory, and people havin g problems remembering recent events, but when the diseases get worse, people have a problem with the language, difficulty with communication, disorientation, mood swings, not managing self-care, loss of motivationRead MoreDem 2011002 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant by the term ‘dementia’ 2. Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia 3. Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Outcome 2 Understand key features of the theoretical models of dementia The learner can: 1. Outline the medical model of dementia 2. Outline the social model of dementia 3. Explain why dementia should be viewed as a disability. Outcome 3 Know the most common types of dementia and their causes Read MoreDescribe the types of dementia and common signs and symptoms1148 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 40 - P1 Describe the types of dementia and common signs and symptoms The term ‘dementia’ describes a set of symptoms which can include loss of memory, mood changes and problems with communication and reasoning. These symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain conditions and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. †¨Age is the greatest risk factor for dementia. Dementia affects one in 14 people over the age of 65 and one in six overRead MoreMy Memorial Building : Pearl Harbor1326 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The idea that collective memory is spatial and material is, then, critical to this study. Memory are anchored in space and location, which Pierre Nora has called â€Å"site of memory† (Smith and Bergman 165). Although that the Pearl Harbor is not bigger as a province but it contains a lot of memories inside, the people who participated in the Second World War had deep feelings of Pearl Harbor. The Pearl Harbor fixes the requirement of site of memory. But this site of memory brings people a lot of hurts;Read MoreThe Exact Cause of Dementia Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever had the feeling when you can’t remember a specific thing and it drives you insane? Well try living with Dementia. Dementia is not a disease; it is a group of symptoms caused by another disease, which produces a progressive loss of cognitive functioning (Psychology Today). People often believe that because of old age, a person may have Dementia, but this is a false accusation. In old age you may forget a few things here and there, but it is only when the symptoms affect the person’sRead MoreTypes of Dementia1550 Words   |  7 PagesDEMENTIA’S Dementia is a vague term used to describe a person that has loss of memory and change in behavior and activities. It goes beyond the forgetfulness and absent minded. It is commonly used In reference to the elderly, when cognitive abilities start to slip from one’s own control. Dementia cannot be diagnosed due to memory loss alone. It must be accompanied by two or more interruptions of brain function. Individuals who suffer from a disease that causes dementia undergo a number of changesRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Magnetic Storage Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic storage, optical storage, and solid state storage using criteria such as versatility, durability, capacity, access time, and transfer rate. Computers use many different types of mediums for the storage of data. The three most common forms of computer storage include magnetic storage, optical storage, and solid state storage. Each of these storage mediums has its own specific purpose. They are all different, and come with their own set of advantages

HNC Social Care Psychology - 1485 Words

How can psychological theory help me to understand the development and needs of an individual? To answer this question I will use the Case Study of John. John is a twenty-five year old adult who identifies the following as his key issues: low self-esteem, low self-confidence, excessive alcohol consumption and occasional recreational drug use, depression and anxiety; particularly social anxiety with members of the opposite sex. To begin understanding the development and needs of John I will explore the generally accepted lifespan through which each individual progress. This is an ongoing process from birth until death and consists of five stages according to age: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and older adulthood. At†¦show more content†¦Self-concept consists of three elements: self-image, refers to how we see our self, self-esteem refers to the value we place on our self and ideal-self refers to the way we’d like to be. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory based on human motivation to meet our needs with the emphasis on self-actualisation. Often represented by a pyramid divided into eight levels, the four lower relating to deficiency needs and the higher four relating to growth needs. In order to meet the higher needs lower needs must be satisfied. Stage four of Maslow’s pyramid is ‘Esteem needs’ including self-esteem and self-confidence. Stage three is ‘Love and Belongingness ’loving and being loved, being part of groups, acceptance, affection and trust. These stages seem apt to John’s position and needs at present due to his lack of self-confidence and also his difficulty making and maintaining friendships and his fear of socialising with women, suggesting John has not completed stage two adequately ‘Psychological and physical safety’. Strengths of this theory are the approach is holistic, and not a lot of training required to utilise. Weaknesses include Roger’s theory being more apt to counselling and self-actualisation subjective to individual. Having knowledge and understanding of psychological perspectives allows me to understand John’s needs, and current behaviours and how they may be related to past events and needs unmet.Show MoreRelatedHNC Social Care Values and Principles Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesHNC SOCIAL CARE VALUES ESSAY This essay will examine how social care values and principles influence practice. My own value base was influenced by my parents and extended family initially. As I was growing up teachers and peers also influenced my values. Amongst some of the values I live my life by are having self-respect and being respectful of others; being trustworthy, honest and truthful; being non-judgemental. I was always encouraged to work hard and do well at school which would help meRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : The Biological Examination Of Changes951 Words   |  4 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY: Introduction Developmental psychology is the the biological examination of changes that happens to human beings during the course of their life time. During the course of a life time of a human being ,certain biological changes happens. The development stages are divided into different stages. According to Erikson ,†the eight ages of development and the major life crisis are significant in terms of individual growth and development.†(Care human development,Student support SessionRead MoreUnderstanding And Supporting Behaviour1726 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Understanding and Supporting Behaviour DJ1N 34 Outcome 1 Marianne McNeillis HNC Social Care Group B Due Date: 8/10/14 Submission Date: /10/14 Word count: 1571 Challenging behaviour can be explored in every client group however the client group explored here is older adults within informal care. Due to the Data Protection Act 1998 the name of the older adult involved in the care has been changed to Client X. Why challenging behaviour occurs can be explored and explained through many differentRead MoreCase Study: Applying Maslows Hierarchy of Needs to Team Building1218 Words   |  5 Pagesgather information from the various units I have covered throughout my HNC Social Care studies, with particular consideration given to the values on which The Scottish Government’s [TSG] ‘National Care Standards’ (2005) were created. The British Association of Social Workers (2012) tell us that these ‘values’ can be regarded as particular types of beliefs that people hold about what is regarded as worthy or valuable. In social care, these values consist of Dignity, Privacy, Choice, Safety, RealisingRead MoreHnc Social Care Essay4439 Words   |  18 PagesHNC Social Care Booklet of Assessments This document contains all the assessment information you will need for the HNC Social Care. They are collated in chronological order with the lecturer responsible (where this is known) identified on the assessment. It is up to the learner to ensure that the assessment is handed in by the deadline. The assessment schedule will be posted on the moodle site. All work should be word processed and include appropriate references both in mainRead MorePlanning and Organizing a Receational Activity for my HNC Social Care Graded Unit Project1650 Words   |  7 PagesFrom my social care placement, I have chosen to assist a service user to partake in a recreational activity for completion of my HNC Social Care Graded Unit project. This part of the project will consist of planning and organising the activity. Throughout the planning section I will be disclosing personal details of the service user which I have learned from having permitted access to his support plan, and from conversations between us. During a recent consultation between my placement supervisorRead MorePsychology For Social Care Practice Essay2185 Words   |  9 PagesDuring each stage of the life cycle, different physical, emotional, cognitive, social and cultural developments occur; In infancy, physical changes include learning to sit up, crawl and walk independently. At this stage, the infant will begin to look for attention from others and seek affection and love. Infants are able to interact with others by smiling/laughing and crying, and begin to form attachments to main care givers such as family members from around 6 months. Fine motor skills and communicationRead MoreHnc Healthcare Graded Unit Essay2842 Words   |  12 Pagesactivity for a patient in long term care Health Care: Graded Unit 1 F0KF 34 March 2012 Contents Introduction Page 3 Planning Stage Page 4-9 Development Stage Page 10-13 Introduction As part of my Higher National Certificate course in healthcare I am required to provide evidence of achieving the following principle aims in the form of a graded unit; * Knowledge, theory and practice in a variety of health care settings * A broad range ofRead MoreHealth: Sociology and Social Care9095 Words   |  37 PagesHNC/D Health and Social Care ------------------------------------------------- UNIT DIRECTORY Unit title: COMMUNICATING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ORGANISATIONS Unit code: T/601/1560 Level: 4 Credit value: 15 ------------------------------------------------- AIMS The aim of this unit is to develop learners’ awareness of different forms of communication used in health and social care settings and its importance for effective service delivery. UNIT ABSTRACT Read MoreSample Letter Btec Level 4 Hnc Business10004 Words   |  41 Pages Telephone No: 07432111670 Email Address: Stacey.dwyer@drschaer.com Date: 01.06.2015 Course Name: Edexcel BTEC Level 4 HNC Business Tutor Name: Mark Connelly Assignment Name: Unit 4 Marketing PLEASE NOTE: YOU SHOULD INCLUDE THIS INFORMATION with EVERY ASSIGNMENT. Brighton School of Business and Management Limited Edexcel BTEC Level 4 HNC Business Unit 4: Marketing Student Number: 7068HNCB Introduction In this modern society, marketers have

Low Socio-Economic Status People and Their Impact on University Free Essays

Low socio-economic status people and their impact on university participation, choice of university and choice of course in Australia There seem to be persistent inequalities in Australian higher education participation. Over the last two decades the participation numbers for low socio-economic status group have only slightly improved despite improvements in access (Centre for the Study of Higher Education, 2008, p. 15). We will write a custom essay sample on Low Socio-Economic Status People and Their Impact on University or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the Bradley report which was written following the review of higher education system in 2008, the Australian government has introduced many policies and financial assistance for this demographic in hope of increasing the participation rates to 20 per cent by 2020 (Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations, 2008, p. xiv). However, despite steady increases in overall tertiary participation, the inequalities still remain. People with low socio-economic status are not as successful in applying or gaining access to more prestigious institutions as those with medium or high socio-economic status are (James, 2007, p. ). It is not only participation at university level that is affected with this imbalance. Significant social differences can be seen across different universities as well as different fields of study (Reay et al. 2001, p. 858). Study by Ferguson and Simpson (2011) has found, and James (2007) agrees, that students with low socio-economic background are n ot so successful in gaining entry into the courses with more competitive entry requirements like medicine, law or architecture. These students were more concentrated in courses such as education, nursing, IT and business (James, 2007, p. 7). James (2007, p. 7) believes that the same is true for the high demand universities, where low socio-economic status students hold a share of only 11 per cent of all places. These differences can be somewhat accredited to the geographical location of these more prestigious universities as they are mainly situated in the metropolitan areas. However, there are other factors that contribute to this imbalance more so. Some experts believe that students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds may not aspire to attend these universities believing that it is not an achievable goal, or they may not perform academically well enough for more competitive courses. Other studies indicate that it is in fact the psychological factors which create socioeconomic imbalances in higher education participation. This paper will look at rates of participation, aspirations, ability and psychological factors and their affect on the decision making process of low socio-economic status students when it comes to higher education. It will argue that there is enough supporting evidence to conclude that this demographic does not have a lot of impact on university participation, choice of university or choice of course. While overall higher education participation rates have improved, socio-economically disadvantaged people are least represented group in Australian higher education. James (2007, p. 2) states that ‘social class is the single most reliable predictor of the likelihood that individuals will participate in higher education at some stage in their lives’. Undergraduate Applications, Offers and Acceptances Report from the Department of Education, Employment and Work Relations, states that in 2011, 18. 6 per cent of all applicants were from low socio-economic backgrounds, compared to 30. 6 per cent of applicants from high socio-economic group (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). It also reports that even though applications by low socio-economic status applicants were up by 3. 4 per cent they were less likely to result in an offer. Low socio-economic status applicants had an offer rate of 79. per cent compared to 83. 5 per cent for applications from high socio-economic status applicants (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). Even though the rates for applications and offers to higher education for low socio-economic demographic have slightly increased, according to DEEWR (2011), this demographic continues to be the least represented at university level. One of the reasons that could explain the current higher education participation numbers by people from low socio-ec onomic background is aspiration. It has to be considered as one of the principal issues in student’s decision making process. According to the English dictionary, to aspire, it means to have a strong desire to achieve something. Consequently, to attend university, an individual needs to aspire to do so. Bowden and Doughney (2010), in their study of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, have found that those with lower socio-economic status have fewer aspirations to attend university. Instead, they aspire to attend a vocational training institution or gain employment. Difference in spirations among different demographics is mainly influenced by individual’s social systems, such as class, ethnicity, gender, customs and religion (Bowden Doughney, 2010, p. 119). Furthermore, in his research for the Department of Education, Science and Training, James has found that there is a strong relationship between parental education levels and young people’s educational aspirations (DEST, 20 02, p. 51). Bowden and Doughney’s study results are consistent with James’ findings, as well as Bourdieu’s concept of ‘cultural capital’, which Harker et al. (cited in Webb et al. 002, p. 22) defined as ‘culturally valued taste and consumption pattern’. Therefore, it can be said that those who come from low socio-economic background are at a disadvantage when it comes to entering higher education due to the fact that they were not brought up with the idea of attending university. Academic achievement or student’s ability is seen as another important factor that needs to be considered when studying inequalities in higher education. This is because in Australia, university enrolment process relies heavily on individual’s academic achievement. Student’s academic record is seen as a main way of entry into the university and acquiring all the benefits that come with having a degree. Teese (cited in Ferguson Simpson, 2011, p. 33) proposed that almost half of low socio-economic status students obtain scores in the lowest academic bands and that only small number of these students receives high academic scores. Ferguson and Simpson conclude that this is due to fewer resources, such as educational, cultural, social and financial, that are available for this group of students, rather than lack of ability. Cardak and Ryan (2009) have come to the similar conclusion. They have found that academic scores of low socio-economic status students are lower due to the fact that their early educational achievements are also lower in comparison to the more advantaged students and their achievements (Cardak Ryan, 2009, p. 444). Both Ferguson and Simpson’s and Cardak and Ryan’s studies agree that students with same ability and same academic scores have the same likelihood of attending university regardless of their socio-economic status. They also agree that the quality of academic results rises with the status. Thus, as they don’t have access to as many resources as their more privileged peers, low socio-economic status students are at a disadvantage when it comes to securing a place at university. Although aspirations and academic ability are very important factors in higher education inequality, it could be said that the psychological factors have most of the influence on person’s decision to attend university. Students from low socio-economic background are more conscious of the existence of barriers to their entering higher education (Harris, 2005, p. 4) and are not likely to encounter diverse influences that might persuade them to participate in higher education (DEST, 2002, p. 50). James believes that students from this demographic are more likely to be doubtful about their academic ability and achievement and they would possibly be lacking financial support (DEST, 2002, p. 50). He also states that they have less confidence in parental support and a stronger interest in earning an income as soon as they leave school. ‘The perceptions and beliefs held by people with low socio-economic status can all be regarded as habitus, which is described as ‘embodied predispositions that are learned early in the life of a young person’ (Harris, 2005, p. 4). As they lack role models, it is very difficult for these young people to see university participation as something that is relevant to them or something they could achieve (Harris, 2005, p. ). In their UK based study of working class secondary students, Reay et al. (2001, p. 865) have found that this group of students were choosing universities where they were most likely to fit in, as they felt more comfortable attending such university and where they could find ‘intellectual and social peers’. Psychological factors play an important role in the decision making process due to the emotio ns attached to them. Low socio-economic status students seem to have a lot more to consider when deciding on their higher education pathway. As the evidence would suggest, students from low socio-economic background, have very little impact on university participation, choice of university or choice of course at present time. According to the government reports, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are highly under-represented at university level. Thus, higher education in Australia is far from being level playing field for some demographics. The most current review of higher education shows that the participation rates at university in general, as well as different courses and institutions are considerably lower for those ith low socio-economic status. The difference between low and high socio-economic status groups is quite significant, despite the government’s efforts to improve these numbers by implementing new policies and strategies. As discussed in this paper, the reasons for inequality are varied and complex. However, most of the researchers agree that it is the family attitudes that are at the core of t he problem. These attitudes have enormous influence on student’s decision making process. However, there is always a possibility for change. Australian universities, in conjunction with schools and government’s help, need to focus on developing new social networks and transforming set beliefs of disadvantaged students. These changes could be achieved through the use of early interventions and positive role models during middle schooling. Only with successful attitude changes will the higher education participation numbers improve for this particular demographic. References Bowden, MP Doughney, J 2010, ‘Socio-economic status, cultural diversity and the aspirations of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia’, High Education, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 115-129, SpringerLink, viewed 2 October 2012. Cardak, BA Ryan, C 2009, ‘Participation in higher education in Australia: equity and access’, Economic Record, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 433-448, Wiley Online Library 2012 Full Collection, viewed 25 September 2012. Centre for the Study of Higher Education 2008, ‘Participation and Equity: A Review of the participation in higher education of people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and Indigenous people’, Universities Australia and the Centre for the Study of Higher Education (CSHE), University of Melbourne, viewed 4 October 2012, http://www. niversitiesaustralia. edu. au/resources/271/290 Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations 2008, ‘Review of Australian higher education – Executive summary’ report prepared by D Bradley, H Noonan B Scales, Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations (DEEWR), Canberra, pp. xi-xviii, viewed 25 September 2012, http://www. innovation. gov. au/HigherEducation/Documents/Review/PDF/Hig How to cite Low Socio-Economic Status People and Their Impact on University, Essay examples

Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World Essay Example For Students

Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World Essay How many individuals can name the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? These ancien, man made monuments were compiled into a list considerable in their enormous size orsome other unusual quality (Donovan 325). We should not let these legacies be leftbehind in the past, because each of these Seven Wonders has a story hidden withintheir ruins, or in one case, within its remains. Picture these architectural structuresas I uncover the legends of The Statue of Zeus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Pyramidsof Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and theTemple of Artemis. The first full modern version of the list appeared less than four centuries ago inItaly in 1608 (Romer IX). After that the lists varied, sometimes naming ten wonders,but always keeping the honored name of The Seven Wonders of the World (IX). Thelisting of these wonders initiated by Greeks and Romans listed memorable things thatthey thought travelers should see (Donovan 325). The origianl authorship of the listis not completely proven, but it is believed to be composed by Bede and Philo (RomerX). Philos list is the most impressive, because of its uncomparable text, in length,poetry, and information given (Romer X). At one time, classical writers argued overthe true list, but today there is one most commonly used (Virtual Tours 1). Few drawingsor sketches exist of the vanished monuments, so archeologists have relied on ancienttales and literary works to get an idea of appearance and history (2).Every one of the seven wonders is connected to the legendary King Alexander (RomerXII). He f ounded Egyptian Alexandria, the city of Pharos; he stormed Halicarnassus,the city of the Mausoleum; the Rhodian of Colossus was cast in his image; he diedin Babylon, the city of the Hanging Gardens, and all of them stood within his shortlivedEmpire (Romer XII). Apart from the Statue of Zeus in the west and the Hanging Gardensin the east, they all lay in the center of the Greek Empire (McLeish 4). In the Fourth Dynasty, built 4600 years ago, the Giza Pyramids came known as the greatest of the Seven Wonders (Grigson 18). These pyramids are the largest of the 70-odd pyramidsbuilt (18). The largest of the three Giza Pyramids is the Pyramid of Cheops (18). Its base is 57,000 square feet and has 2,300,000 limestone blocks each weighing twoand one-half tons (18). It is made up of a Kings Chamber, Queens Chamber, grandgallery, vents, ascending and descending passages, and a Greaves Shaft (Krystek 4). Cheops Pyramid is surrounded by rows of low flat tombs, mastabas, and three smallpyramids in which his family and other high officials were buried (Grigson 20). Thesecond pyramid is called the Pyramid of Chephren and the third if the pyramid of Mycerinus(20). These pyramids all have an astonishing accuracy in their construction (18). There is only about eight inches difference between the longest and the shortest baselineand teh four corners make an almost perfect right angle (18). It is believed thatthe Eyqyptians worked by observing teh stars because all the sides are aligned toface the cardinal points of the compass (18). Richard Procter, and astronomer, observedhat the descending passage could have b een used to observe transit stars and he grandgallery could have been used to map the sky when on the top (Krystek 3). The pyramidis probably connected with Egyptain sun worship and a pyramid stone, the benben, symbolizesthe sun god ( Grigson 20). When the suns rays breaks through at exactly the angleof teh Giza Pyramids, the Egyptians regarded that as a stairway to heaven for theirkings (20). They believed the body was the spirits house and so they want to perservethe body as long as they can (Mc Leish 5). Priests began by removing all the softparts of the body, such as the brain, lungs, heart, liver, and intest ines (5). A greatarcheologist, Sir Flanders Petrie, estimated that it took 100,000 men to haul stonesand another 4,000 to work on the actual construction (Grigson 20). They used no pulleys,but must have used an incline plane to raise the blocks (20). How the inside of tehpyramid is built is unknown (20). The center of the pyramid is the home of Cheopsburial chamber (20). Before and after the construction of the Pyramids, Egyptiansinterned their dead Pharohs and Kings to intricate tombs (Krystek 2). They believedthat the body has two separate existances, so all the dead leaders were placed inthe tomb along with many treasures the Egyptians believed they would need in the afterlife(2). This is why the Pyramids were such a hot spot for thieves. Egyptian architectstried designing passageways that could be plugged with immoveable granite rocks, hiddenrooms, and decoy chambers, but nothing worked (2). There is almost no exception thateach tomb of the Egyptian Kings was plundered (2). The next wonder is the Olympian Zeus. Greeks were very attatched to their gods, perhaps because even though the gods were immortal and had superhuman powers, in every other way they were like mortal men (Grigson 22). They had feelings, jealousy and rivalries (22). The mightiest of the Greeks gods was Zeus (22). Zeus was the son of the titans Cranos and Rhea (22). He was regarded as the king and father of gods and men (22). Zeus was married to his sister, Hero, but he had many affairs with other goddesses and mortal woman despite her (22). The Olympic games were held in honor of Zeus since 776 B.C. at the Plain of Olympia at Pelopomesus (22). At his altar, 100 cattle were sacrificed as the main part of the festival (Mcleish 19). So, the the greeks decided to build a temple in his honor in the fifth century B.C. (Grigson 22). One of the best Greek sculptors, Phedias, was asked to do it (22). It was built in about 457 B.C and the finished Zeux was a gold and ivory work with the flesh pa rts carved from ivory and mounted on a wood or stone core (22). The draperies and other ornaments were cast from gold (22). This lavish 40 foot statue had a wreath around his head, holds a figuire of his messenger, Nike, in his right hand, and a sceptor in his left (Ashmawy 1) Zeus was believed to have long hair, a bush beard, and a moustach with long ends (Grigson). Eventually, weathly Greeks moved the statue to a palace in Constantinople, today known as Istanbul, Turkey (Ashmawy 1). Their effort prolonged its life because a fire devastated the Olympia Temple (1). Roamans adopted Zeus and one of the emporers wanted to take the statue to Rome, remove Zeus head, and replace it with a statue of his own (1). When they went to get it, they wre driven out of the temple by peals of laughter (1). Later a sever fire also destroyed the statue in 462 A.D. (1). One of the most beautiful sights of the ancient world was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Grigson 16). They came to be when Babylon, o ne the worlds great empires, was defeated by the rival empire Assyria (15). In 626 B.C., and alliance defeated Assyria and the Chaldean ruler of Nabopolassar made himself king of Babylon (15). With the new king, Babylon exceeded to its old glory as Nabopolassar built mighty walls around the city (15). According to the legen, Nabuchadnezzar continued Nabopolassars work of building fortresses and walls (15). His queen was a princess of his fathers allies, and she missed the hills of her Persian homeland and disliked the flatness of Babylon (15). To please her, Nabuchadnezzar built a man-made hill in the form of terrace gardens (15). The Hanging Gardens rose 328 feet and were surrounded by a reinforcing wall 23 feet thick (15). Workman built terraces in long straight rows and marble staircases supported by rows of arches connected them (15). They lined the terraces with lead in order to keep water in and covered them with earth from fields, which created a half dozen huge flowerbeds th e size of tennis courts (15). These flowerbeds held exotic trees, shrubs, flowers, and creepers lay along the terrace (15). On top of the terrace was fountains, waterfalls, and streams which had the water raised by pumps from the Euphrates River worked by slaves (15). Twenty -two years after Nebuchadnezzars death, the empire of Babylon was lost to the Persian Emporer Cyprus the Great, and today all that remains is on or two arches and a well (16). In 312 B.C. Rhodes joined King Ptolemy of Egypt in his war against Antigonous of Macedona (Grigson 14). Later the Macedonians returned for revenge on the Rhodes and besiged the city with a fast force of men and ships (14). The Rhodians managed to hold them back for a year until Ptolemy of Egypt finally cam to the rescui (14). Among the defenders of Rhodes, was a sculptor, Chares of Lindus (14). To praise him, the Rhodians commissioned him to create a huge bronze statue in honor of the islands patron, the sun god Helios or Apollo (14). The statue celabrated the unity of the Rhodes three-city states (Ashmawy 1). The task to Chares took twelve years, from 292 B.C. to 280 B.C. (Grigson 14). It was 105 feet high, 295 tons, and cast entirely from metal taken from the war engines abandoned by the Macedonians (14). The Colossus of Rhodes is hallow inside supported by interior stone and iron blocks (Ashmawy 1). The statue stood on a promontory overlooking the water and on some accounts, ships sailed between its legs, for it stood near the harbor of Rhodes, a Greek Island in the Aegean Sea (1). According to the story, when it was complete, Chares found a mistake in his calculations and killed himself (14. The Colossus was one of the greatest pieces of self-criticism and hailed as the most perfect representation of a human form (14). In 224 B.C., and earthquake rocked the island snapping the statue at its knees, toppling across a whole city block (McLeish 5). The Rhodians left it lying there for another 900 years (5). The Colos sus of Rhodes was to be the most short-lived of the worlds wonders (Grigson 15). Later, when Arabs captured Rhodes, the statues remains were sold to a Jewish merchant for scrap (15). Over 3300 years ago, a boulder landed on the town of Apashash, just south of Izmir, Turkey, killing the king (McLeish 9). The superstitious people believed it was the goddess, Mother Earth, who was punishing the king for his wickedness he had shown as ruler (9). This town prospered after the kings death and the Greek visitors changed the name of the town to Ephesus and the goddesss name to Artemis (9). Artemis was worshipped greatly in Ephesus and so around 550 BC they built her a temple that by all accounts was the finest in the world (Grigson 23). The Lydian king, Croesus, sponsored the temple and Chersiphron, a Greek architect, designed it (Ashmawy 1). It surpasses every structure raised by human hands (23). On the site cleared for the temple, 45,000 people could have stood (McLeish 10). The temple i s rectangular in shape, made of marble, with a decorated faade overlooking a huge courtyard (Ashmawy 2). Marble steps lead up to a terrace that is 260 by 430 feet in size (2). One hundred twenty-seven columns, 60 feet high with Ionic capitals and carved circular sides, surround the platform of the temple (2). Every part of the temple was covered in paintings and carvings (McLeish 10). The four bronze statues of amazons inside were sculpted by the most skilled artists of their time: Pheidias, Polyclietus, Kresilas, and Phradma (Ashmawy 1). For many years people visited the temple to share their profits with the goddess (1). Many people, such as kings and priests, deposited their wealth there and the temple was noted as a common treasury for all Asia (Grigson 24). Archeologists have found bracelets, earrings, and statuettes left from as far as Persia and India (Ashmawy 1). In an attempt to immortalize himself, Herostratus burnt down the temple in 365 BC (Grigson 23). The new temple, l abeled temple E, was rebuilt in 323 BC and one of the greatest admirers was Alexander the Great, who by coincidence was born on the night of the old temples destruction (23). In 262 AD the Goths destroyed the temple E (Ashmawy 1). The Ephesians vowed to rebuild it, but by the fourteenth century they had mostly been converted to Christianity (1). In 401 AD, the Temple of Artemis was completely torn down by St. John Chrysostom, and Ephesus was later deserted (1). In the city of Bodrum on the Aegean Sea, in southwest Turkey was the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Ashmawy 1). From 377 to 353 BC, the king Mausollos of Caria reigned, and he moved his capital to Halicarnassus to be closer to the Persian capital which had recently expanded its kingdom (1). Nothing is interesting about this king, Mausollos, except for his tomb (1). Artemisia, his wife and sister, conceived the project during his life time (1). The Mausoleum, named after the king, was finished around 350 BC, three years after Mau sollos death and one year after Artemesias (1). This building gave its name to all large tombs today (1). The Mausoleum is rectangular and 140 by 100 feet in size (2). There was a stepped podium, which was 60 feet, a 38-foot colonnade, a 22-foot pyramid, and a 20-foot chariot statue (2). The sides are completely decorated with tens of life size, under, and over life size statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals (2). These works were carved by Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus (2). Each sculptor was responsible for one side (2). The burial chamber and sarcophagus of white alabaster is decorated with gold and located on the podium, surrounded by Ionic columns (2). The colonnade supported the pyramid roof, which was decorated with statues as well (2). A statue of a chariot pulled by four horses was on top of the tomb (2). The tomb survived sixteen centuries until an earthquake damaged the roof of the colonnade (1). In 1489,the Christians who had made Halicarnassus a stronghold against the Turks, took the stones of the base to build castle walls and broke the sculptures to use as mortar (McLeish 24). The knights of St. John of Malta supposedly found gold stolen by pirates in the tomb chamber, but only a few gold ornaments survive today (24). By 1522 almost every block had been disassembled from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (Ashmawy 1). In 331 BC Alexander the Great captured Egypt and he planned to leave there in triumph on ship by one of the mouths of the river Nile (McLeish 29). All the Delta channels were too shallow, so he decided to build a new city with deep water harbors ideal for war-galleys and trading ships (29). On this harbor of Alexandria, a lighthouse, otherwise called Pharos, was built (Ashmawy 1). Upon its completion in about 270 BC, it was estimated to be about 400 feet high (1). The Greek architect Sostratos designed the lighthouse, one of the tallest structures on Earth in its time, during the reign of the King Ptolemy II (1) . From an Arab travelers notes from 1166, archeologists have deduced that the lighthouse was built in three sections (1). The bottom section was square, the middle eight sided, and the top circular (Donovan 325). At the top, a mirror reflected sunlight during the day, and a fire guided soldiers at night (Ashmawy 1). The structure became so famous that pharos came to mean lighthouse in French, Italian, and Spanish (1). In November 1996, a team of divers claimed to find the ruins of the lighthouse in the Mediterranean Sea (2). History Essays

Bunker Hill Essays - Charlestown, Boston, Battle Of Bunker Hill

Bunker Hill The battle on Breed's Hill, wrongly named the Battle of Bunker Hill, changed the course of the American Revolution. This battle was the first large-scale engagement and also one of the bloodiest battles of the American Revolution. It was held on June 17, 1775 in Charlestown (now part of Boston), Massachusetts. The prior battle to this one would be the at Lexington and Concorde which sort of started it all. This battle took place April 19, 1775. After the battle at Concorde British troops decided to give up and stop fighting and marched back. Meanwhile the Americans continuously made hit and run attacks on the retreating forces. This heightened the heat between the rebels and the British. Later, 5 days before the battle at Breeds Hill, General Thomas Gage would declare martial law. Stating to give pardon to anyone who would lay down their arms and pledge himself to King George. He did this to avoid further uprisings and armed conflict. Unfortunately, this had the opposite effect and upset many of the colonists. Thus, adding to the flame and making the battle almost imminent. On June 16, 1775 the Americans became aware of the British plan to take control of Bunker and Breed's Hills. So the rebels decided to invade the area before the British in a hope to fortify it and be prepared for the Redcoats. Colonel William Prescott and 1,200 men, mostly from Massachusetts, moved in to the peninsula with the mission to fortify Bunker Hill. Two ours upon arriving they realized that they needed to fortify Breed's Hill and fall back on Bunker Hill if necessary. During the night of the sixteenth Colonel Prescott gave them the orders to Dig, and dig hard. Trying to get the soldiers to fortify Breed's Hill as best as possible. If they learned anything from that night they learned that a Yankee soldier, at this stage of war, was a great digger. The night's work turned out to be tactically genius. Between those ours of midnight and first light the troops dug up a square frame on the hill. Each side being about 45 yards. They also fortified an area running northeast from the hill about halfway to the water. A quarter of a mile behind that, they continued the barricade along a stone wall and rail fence that went the rest of the way down the shore. Breed's Hill was now tactically secure and was ready for battle. The next day when the British discovered this fortification they became infuriated. The boat Lively opened fire upon the hill. Joined in by the Glasgow and Somerset these three ships made much noise and did minimal to no damage. The British finally realized that the American position was not as completely stupid as it looked some eight hours later. Sir William Howe received tactical information from Gage on commands of operation. With this and 1,200 men Howe landed on the peninsula. Throughout that day the American forces had been reinforced to about 1,500 troops. The British grew to about 2,500 that would actually partake in the battle. The stage was now set for one of the bloodiest battles of the Revolutionary War. The British could have easily taken over the hills by surrounding them but they wanted to show them who was boss so they decided on a head on battle. They realized faults in their plan where the rebels fortified the areas well, however the British paid no attention to it. They had no reason to stop and think twice from their past experiences with the rebel forces. So far they had shown no great ability to shoot and these men behind low stone walls or rails surely would be nothing to think twice about. British brought some light cannons for some direct artillery support but foolishly brought the wrong size ammunition, but no one expected to use them anyway so they remained there useless. This type of thinking was part of why the British had such seve re casualties. When it was obvious the battle was going to begin the officers were extremely nervous on the American side. Many of the officers paced back and forth in the trenches behind their men. They had

Successes and Failures of Détente in the Cold War

Successes and Failures of Dà ©tente in the Cold War From the late 1960s to the late 1970s, the Cold War  was highlighted by a period known as â€Å"dà ©tente† – a welcome easing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. While the period of dà ©tente resulted in productive negotiations and treaties on nuclear arms control and improved diplomatic relations, events at the end of the decade would bring the superpowers back to the brink of war. Use of the term â€Å"detent†- French for â€Å"relaxation†- in reference to an easing of strained geopolitical relations dates back to the 1904 Entente Cordiale, an agreement between Great Britain and France that ended centuries of off-and-on war and left the nations strong allies in World War I and thereafter. In the context of the Cold War, U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford called dà ©tente a â€Å"thawing out† of U.S.-Soviet nuclear diplomacy essential to avoiding a nuclear confrontation. Dà ©tente, Cold War-Style While U.S.-Soviet relations had been strained since the end of World War II, fears of war between the two nuclear superpowers peaked with the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Coming so close to Armageddon motivated leaders of both nations to undertake some of the world’s first nuclear arms control pacts, including the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963. In reaction to the Cuban Missile Crisis, a direct telephone line – the so-called red telephone – was installed between the U.S. White House and the Soviet Kremlin in Moscow allowing leaders of both nations to communicate instantly in order to reduce the risks nuclear war. Despite the peaceful precedents set by this early act of dà ©tente, rapid escalation of the Vietnam War during the mid-1960s increased Soviet-American tensions and made further nuclear arms talks all but impossible. By the late 1960s, however, both the Soviet and U.S. governments realized one big and unavoidable fact about the nuclear arms race: It was hugely expensive. The costs of diverting ever-larger portions of their budgets to military research left both nations facing domestic economic hardships. At the same time, the Sino-Soviet split – the rapid deterioration of relations between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China – made becoming friendlier with the United States look like a better idea to the USSR. In the United States, the soaring costs and political fallout of the Vietnam War caused policymakers to see improved relations with the Soviet Union as a helpful step in avoiding similar wars in the future. With both sides willing to at least explore the idea of arms control, the late 1960s and early 1970s would see the most productive period of dà ©tente. The First  Treaties of Dà ©tente The first evidence of dà ©tente-era cooperation came in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968, a pact signed by several of the major nuclear and non-nuclear power nations pledging their cooperation in stemming the spread of nuclear technology. While the NPT did not ultimately prevent the proliferation of nuclear arms, it paved the way for the first round of Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT I) from November 1969 to May 1972. The SALT I talks yielded the Antiballistic Missile Treaty along with an interim agreement capping the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) each side could possess. In 1975, two years of negotiations by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe resulted in the Helsinki Final Act. Signed by 35 nations, the Act addressed a range of global issues with Cold War implications, including new opportunities for trade and cultural exchange, and policies promoting the universal protection of human rights. The Death  and Re-Birth  of Dà ©tente Unfortunately, not all, but most good things must end. By the end of the 1970s, the warm glow of U.S.-Soviet dà ©tente began to fade away. While diplomats of both nations agreed on a second SALT agreement (SALT II), neither government ratified it. Instead, both nations agreed to continue to adhere to the arms reduction provisions of the old SALT I pact pending future negotiations. As dà ©tente broke down, progress on nuclear arms control stalled completely. As their relationship continued to erode, it became clear that both the U.S. and the Soviet Union had overestimated the extent to which dà ©tente would contribute to an agreeable and peaceful end of the Cold War. Dà ©tente all but ended when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. President Jimmy Carter angered the Soviets by increasing U.S. defense spending and subsidizing the efforts of anti-Soviet Mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Afghanistan invasion also led the United States to boycott the 1980 Olympics held in Moscow. Later the same year, Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States after running on an anti-dà ©tente platform. In his first press conference as president, Reagan called dà ©tente a â€Å"one-way street that the Soviet Union has used to pursue its aims.† With the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Reagan’s election, the reversal of the dà ©tente policy that began during the Carter Administration took the fast track. Under what became known as the â€Å"Reagan Doctrine,† the United States undertook the largest military buildup since World War II and implemented new policies directly opposed to the Soviet Union. Reagan revived the B-1 Lancer long-range nuclear bomber program that had been cut by the Carter administration and ordered increased production of the highly mobile MX missile system. After the Soviets began to deploy their RSD-10 Pioneer medium range ICBMs, Reagan convinced NATO to deploy nuclear missiles in West Germany. Finally, Reagan abandoned all attempts to implement provisions of the SALT II nuclear arms agreement. Arms control talks would not resume until Mikhail Gorbachev, being the only candidate on the ballot, was elected president of the Soviet Union in 1990. With the United States developing President Reagan’s so-called â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) ant-ballistic missile system, Gorbachev realized that the costs of countering U.S. advances in nuclear weapons systems, while still fighting a war in Afghanistan would eventually bankrupt his government. In the face of the mounting costs, Gorbachev agreed to new arms control talks with President Reagan. Their negotiation resulted in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties of 1991 and 1993. Under the two pacts known as START I and START II, both nations not only agreed to stop making new nuclear weapons but also to systematically reduce their existing weapons stockpiles. Since enactment of the START treaties, the number of nuclear weapons controlled by the two Cold War superpowers has been significantly reduced. In the United States, the number of nuclear devices dropped from a high of over 31,100 in 1965 to about 7,200 in 2014. The nuclear stockpile in Russia/the Soviet Union fell from about 37,000 in 1990 to 7,500 in 2014. The START treaties call for continued nuclear arms reductions through the year 2022, when stockpiles are to be cut to 3,620 in the United States and 3,350 in Russia.

A 3-Year Marketing Plan for a new smart phone Coursework

A 3-Year Marketing Plan for a new smart phone - Coursework Example Matching international standards would not be easy and the company would need a massive investment (shown in detail in the Financials heading) and the capital will mostly be used in marketing activities and recruiting trained professionals. In addition to that, Vertigo would be operating on a low margin as we plan to keep prices competitive in order to attract more customers. This would limit the revenue earning capacity of Vertigo however this will be refuted by overall increase in sales as a greater market will be attracted towards a low priced high quality product. Because of the growing market, Vertigo is projected to generate a steady rising revenue increasing Contribution Margin to Sales. On 7th May, 2009, a long-awaited recommendation on the mobile termination rates to reduce termination charges was adapted by EU by the end of 2012. (berr.gov.uk). On 1st April, 2010, a statement with a further consultation was issued to the mobile number porting process in which the porting time took one day (berr.gov.uk). The standard Value Added Tax rate is 17.5%, however, it will be increased to 20% in January 2011 (hmrc.gov.uk). The call tariffs indicate that calls may be charged by any residential or business package selected as the Charge Costing Package (telecom-tarriffs.co.uk). This implies that the market for mobile phone users is likely to be damaged as the call rates may rise because of the increases in tariffs mentioned above. Apart from that, the mobile operator companies are likely to introduce new packages to attract more consumers. This would directly have an impact on Vertigo as the demand for cell phones would rise pertaining to offers and packages introduced by Op erators (Gruber, 2005). UKs economy grew to 0.4% in the first quarter, 1.2% in the second quarter and 0.8% in the third quarter of the year 2010 and inflation stands at approximately 4% (statistics.gov.uk). The average employment income is  £16761 (worldsalaries.org/uk.shtml). The exchange

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example Being the first Saturday of the month no admission fee was being charged (Corsane 29). The architecture and art involved in the design of the Denver art museum was magnificent. The entrance was enough to judge what was to expect. One by one we found ourselves into the museum with lots to expect from the visit. The art work at Denver art museum included traditional arts, sculptures, photographs, paintings, glass art. The arts include Asian collection. I will describe some of the arts found in the Denver art museum. Information gathered showed that the museum was founded in the year 1918, after Denver art association a section of Denver artists club was renamed to the now Denver art museum. My first visit was in the African gallery and it had a lot to offer they included a mask from Gabon referred to as ‘Fang Ngil’ was curved from wood and fiber. Used during the pre-colonial period during initiation ceremonies (Corsane 56). The second stop was the African art in music in that number of instruments used during the pre civilization error. The most eye catching African collection was that from the Yoruba, first the ijebe a two curved sculpture one with a female figure and the other with a male figure they are believed to prevent thunder. I then moved to the American Indian collection on the level two of the museum building, first the pueblo collection, the foot of the pueblo tribe, painting by Irving Couse which portrayed an indigenous American Indian with full native attire. The next was the mud rolls on, a well created. a curving of a woman with one white another black, one red and a yellow one they represented the generational change and different culture and variety of races I then visited the modern photo exhibitions and paintings from all over United States of America and the entire world, they included Charles Sandison collection. Being a video projection its display was magnificent .Also Herbert Bayer painting was on exhibition. The painting

The diamonds water paradox Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The diamonds water paradox - Movie Review Example This can be viewed as the reasons behind Argyle’s successful entrance into this market. The firm’s dictatorial styles is used in marketing diamonds where customers have to take what is available or leave it is under threat from Argyle (Peng 316). Argyle diamonds may be of a lesser quality as compared to those of De Beers, but are on high demand. This is because world diamond prices have reduced in the past few years. Customer tastes have changed to an increased demand for cheap, high quality diamonds supplied by Argyle. This has led to most of these customers demanding more of Argyle diamonds than those from De Beers. Thus, De Beers faces a threat as it shifts from the diamond industry monopoly to an oligopoly market type from the competitor Argyle. In this case, both companies are providing the same product. The view from De Beers’ side is that the presence of Argyle has no effect on their monopoly. The firm is believed to be the sole producer of high quality, premium diamonds. The diamond market today is not only dominated by De Beers and Argyle. Other firms from other nations such as the Russians have today made an impact in the diamond market on a global scale, thus causing De Beers to risk losing its advantages as a monopoly. However, despite the presence of other upcoming competitors such as Argyle, De Beers can still be classified as one the most enduring monopolies in the world (Kanfer 402). When the diamond industry was an oligopoly in the 20th century, there were still other substitutes for diamonds such as emeralds and rubies. However, most still believe that there is no other gem that exhibits the same characteristic, such as the diamond. This was perhaps the belief created in the advertising campaign in the late 1990s by the only diamond seller. This supposition may still be there; therefore the diamond as a unique product has no competing

The Inventory Management System

The Inventory Management System When a business stocks materials and goods they sell, they are procedures that are put in place to handle how goods are received, stored and delivered, with this process been known as inventory management. Inventory is a physical resource that a business holds in their stock with the intention of selling it or transforming it into a more valuable state. The inventory could range from raw materials, finished goods, works in process or maintenance, repair and operation (MRO). The main concept of inventory control is focusing on the process of movements and accountability of inventory. This concept strictly bases on the principle of physical and cycle counting, physical and systematic movement of materials and, good accounting practices. In business management, inventory consists of a list of goods and materials held available in stock. Inventory management is the process of specifying the placement and size of the stocked goods within a business whereby the inventory is to be managed at different locations or levels within a facility or within multiple different locations of a supply network to safe guard production against overstocking or running out of goods. Inventory management could as be defined as managing inventory with the primary objective been determining and controlling stock levels within the facility to balance the need for product availability against the need for minimizing stock holding and handling costs. 2.3 Management System A management system is an information system that is used by a business to ensure they can manage and fulfill their tasks through a framework of procedures and processes. Typical management systems are used to maintain data within an organization as well as ensuring data is shared accurately, or for the management of services or products offered. A management system could also be defined as the integration of traditional management methods with a computer system to create a tool for strategic and automated information management. 2.4 Inventory Management System An inventory management system is usually used to automate a sales order fulfilment process. These types of system are designed containing a structure whereby it contains lists of orders to be fulfilled then prompts the sales employees to select the desired items and mark them packaging and shipping information. Modern inventory management system serve the purpose of keeping tracks of inventory objects whereby the system relies on barcodes or RFID tags to uniquely identify the object. When recording a transaction, the system automatically identifies the inventory object by scanning the barcode or RFID tag, and then additional transaction information is collected from the operator via work terminal which could be a workstation or mobile computer. The features of an inventory management system such as physical inventory counting and cycle counting can enhance an organization. With the availability of various kinds of inventory systems, in the current environment the size of a business is not a concern because there are various kinds of systems to suit any business. Figure 1: Basic Structure of an Inventory Management System 2.5 Management System Classification 2.5.1 Network Inventory Management System Real time inventory management system: use wireless, mobile terminals to record inventory transactions, the moment the transaction is processed. Transaction information is transmitted via wireless LAN to a central database. 2.5.2 Stand Alone Inventory Management System Stand alone inventory systems are usually employed by small size or medium sized businesses. These kind of systems work offline and are not connected to other systems. Stand alone systems are usually used to store Customer data and inventory, usually all stored on one local database. For example for small businesses like convenience stores and shoe stores, it could be an expensive business option to purchase and use an expensive electronic inventory management system hence a standalone application could be the nearest option to the manual system since it automates the basic functions of inventory management. It would not make sense a small business located in one location implementing a web based or network based inventory system when they only sale inventory locally. These kinds of systems are not suitable for large sized business in manufacturing or production with a study in 1996 by the International Mass Retail Association (IMRA), for example, concluding that stand alone manageme nt system packages acquired to perform individual functions will soon become obsolete because they do not integrate well with other systems. 2.5.3 Web Based Inventory Management System Web based systems are web applications that can be accessed from any computer with a web browser but without any physical application installed on the local computer. In inventory management systems, a web based application can be a smart move for businesses because it offers the benefits of secure storage, sharing files and accessibility which make managing your data with other hosted applications a smart strategy. A web application is an application delivered to users from a web server over a network such as the internet or an intranet. A reason for the popularity of web based applications is due to the functionality of the web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. When choosing inventory management applications, the ability of a web based application to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially a numerous number of clients is another reason why these kinds of system are becoming much favored by users. A key strategy that is been capitalized on by software companies is to provide web access to applications that are been distributed as local applications whereby these programs allow the user to pay a monthly or yearly fee for use of the application without having to install it on a local hard drive. Software companies that are following this strategy are known as an application service provider (ASP), and ASPs are currently receiving much attention in the software industry. The main concepts behind web based application is to centralize information hence by using databases to store data like consumer information, salespeople can update a clients address and the update will instantaneously be available to all users throughout the organization. Too many small and medium-sized businesses suffer from de-centralized information because they implement stand alone applications which are not a logical way of centralizing information. 2.6 Current Based Inventory Management System 2.6.1 Silver Inventory System Silver Inventory System is very popular software throughout the world, particularly with small to medium sized businesses requiring a mid-range, inexpensive standalone inventory software with a good range of features. Silver Inventory System is a complete inexpensive system for management of sales, purchases and payments. This system will help you in creation invoices, sale orders, purchase orders, receiving lists, payment receipts, product labels with bar codes and any kinds of the reports for monitoring your business. Inventory System allows the control of customer balances and vendor balances. Figure 2: Screenshot of Silver Inventory Management System 2.6.2 Golden Inventory System Golden Inventory system is integrated with QuickBooks and is able to track Purchases, Sales, Work Orders and payments. This is a complete inventory management system that performs the functions of Purchases, Sales and payments. The system guides you through the creation of vendors list, purchase orders, products list, receiving lists, sales orders, invoices, sales and payment receipts. In addition to product labels with barcodes, work orders for creation inventory assemblies, transfer orders between locations, customers and vendors balances and various types of reports for monitoring your business, it also supports XML synchronization with remote locations. Golden Inventory system works with MS SQL Server 2000, MSDE and desktop database files. Golden Inventory system works as a single application or as a client server system and as a distribution database system. You will be able to work with remote outlets and warehouses even without a reliable connection between them. The system us es unique data exchange technology in XML format that allows quickly processing orders and synchronizing information with all your branches. Figure 3: Screenshot of Golden Inventory System Features Golden Inventory Silver Inventory User interface Easy to understand interface that can be used without need for training. Application offers a simple to use interface, that could be used to perform tasks without the need of training Warehouse support Application can be integrated to support multiple warehouses for one company Support for warehouse is only limited to one warehouse for one company Point of Sale System has a point of sale panel where a sales transaction can be performed in real time Does not provide functionality for Point of Sales Security Users access functions can be limited depending on access level or role Secure security prevents unauthorized access from outsiders. Integration Supports a multi user environment Supports a multi user environment Inbound logistics Systems allow ordering for manufacturing operations. It also supports payments for ordered products and purchase orders at the same time reserving inventory for sales orders This system allows conducting payments for obtained products and for ordered products in the purchase orders. It supports the partial payments and payment under several orders or receiving lists. The payments arriving from sold products are similarly ensured. Other features Inventory reservations for Sale orders Work orders for manufacture operations Screen customization support Export reports in Excel files Compare and Comparison of Golden Inventory system and Silver Inventory System When comparing the inventory systems there certain features that feature in both systems and there some features that are absent in the other system. One of the key differences between the two systems is that Golden Inventory system supports multiple warehouses for a company meaning the system could be integrated between all warehouses as one system whereas the downside to Silver inventory is that it can only be integrated to one warehouse. A similarity between the two is that both can support multiple companies. In terms of size and functionality, Golden Inventory system is much superior to Silver Inventory system. Both systems offer the basic concepts of inventory management systems that is, invoicing, sales orders which is fulfilled by business, purchasing which would be the inbound inventory, barcode scanning whereby the inventory object is automatically identified before it is processed. Depending on the size of the business, Golden Inventory system is most suited for a large size business that could be in the field of manufacturing, stock supply or production and Silver Inventory is best suited for small to medium sized business because of the limited functionalities. Some of the key features that make Golden Inventory superior to Silver Inventory system are that Golden Inventory system can offer a Point of Sale Option whereby a transaction could be processed at a terminal and the inventory status is updated in real time. Golden inventory system can support reports from Microsoft Excel which means it can be integrated with other systems that could be run by a business. The Golden Inventory System has a feature to manage work orders for manufactures and the screen and work permissions by user meaning the added security whereby the access granted to each user can be defined exactly depending on their level of authority minimizing unauthorized access to functions and data not related to that user. REFERRENCES http://www.executivpro.com/#silver Silver Inventory System Software Informer: Screenshots http://www.softsea.com/review/Golden-Inventory-System.html http://www.softsea.com/review/Hunter-Perrin%27s-Inventory-Manager-and-Storefront.html http://www.sharewareconnection.com/golden-inventory-system.htm http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6647380/claims.html http://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread50946.html# http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4153/is_6_57/ai_69759746/ http://www.ehow.com/how_4421818_set-up-inventory-control-system.html http://www.barcodesinc.com/articles/inventory-control-system.htm http://www.retailsystems.com/retail-inventory-management-system.cfm http://www.womensenterprise.ca/resources/downloads/inventory-wholesale-retail.pdf http://www.seminarinformation.com/qqbpml/conference-for-warehousing-and-inventory-control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse_management_system http://www.thefreedictionary.com/inventory+control http://www.management-hub.com/benefits-of-using-an-inventory-management-system.html http://www.management-hub.com/is-it-wise-to-go-for-web-based-inventory-management-solution.html http://www.management-hub.com/use-of-network-inventory-management-software.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_management_software http://www.ricelake.com/docs/prodinfo/white-papers/wp_IMS.pdf http://www.emco.is/products/network-inventory/advantages.php http://www.askdeb.com/inventory-management/hosted/

Greed, Paranoia, and Love Destroying a Real Man :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Many things can destroy a man, but only three things that can destroy a real man, greed, paranoia and love†. I have no idea why I just wrote that last quote, I just thought it would be nice to start my book with something that sounds halfway smart. Anyway, my name is Ammar Barakat, born on the sixth of July 1980. I am not famous, gifted, smart, good-looking or powerful, as a matter of fact, I am not special in anyway. Nevertheless I have decided to write this book to tell my story to the world (hopefully), because believe it or not, I think I have lead an interesting and unique life. Before I go any further I guess I should start telling u about my first few years of life, or what I can remember from it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My first memory was when I was three years old; I remember it was me, my brother and my parents sitting in the car and stopping at a mini-market to pick up some chips on our way to the swimming pool. I have no idea why this memory is plastered in my head because there was nothing special about that day; we used to always stop at the mini-market with my brother and parents to pick up some chips on our way to the swimming pool. Although I was born in Syria, I spent the first four years of my life in the United Arab Emirates. My father had a good job, and we lived in a nice house and had a normal life, actually it was ironic since me and my family seemed to be living the American dream in an Arabic country. Since I don’t remember much of the UAE days I cant tell u much about it, all could tell u is that any parent would wish to raise their children in the environment that I was raised in. My father went to work, my mother took care of me and my brother, and al l me and my brother had to worry about was the amount of French- fries we were going to eat at the swimming pool that day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then, everything changed. The day that I have always feared has come, it was my brothers first day of school. Don’t get me wrong, me and Tareq were never the best of friends, and I wasn’t upset that he was leaving me, oh no, I was jealous of him.